Wednesday, March 20, 2013

RMAN backup types and Usage


RMAN BACKUPS:
----------------

1)RMAN HOT BACKUP =>database up & running
2)RMAN COLD BACKUP =>database is not up(shutdown =>mount(now take backup).


1)RMAN HOT BACKUP: OPEN STATE (ARCHIVE_LOG MODE)
2)RMAN COLD BACKUP:MOUNT STATE (NO ARCHIVE LOG MODE)


INCREMENTAL BACKUP:
1)DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP =>BY DEFAULT INCREMENTAL BACKUP IS DIFFERENTIAL.
=>BACKUP FROM SAME OR LOWER LEVEL.
=>LEVEL 0,LEVEL 1,LEVEL 2.....
2)CUMMULATIVE BACKUP =>BACKUP FROM LEVEL 0(LOWEST LEVEL)
=>LEVEL 0,LEVEL 1,LEVEL 2.....

WHERE:
LEVEL 0=FULL BACKUP
LEVEL 1=CHANGE DATA FROM LEVEL 0
LEVEL 2=CHANGE DATA FROM LEVEL 1...


BACKUP STRATERGY:
--------------------

SUNDAY =LEVEL 0 =>INCREMENTAL (DIFFERENTIAL)=>BACKUP LEVEL 0(LOWEST LEVEL)
MONDAY =LEVEL 1 =>INCREMENTAL
TUESDAY=LEVEL 2 =>INCREMENTAL
WED =LEVEL 0 =>INCREMENTAL (CUMMULATIVE) =>BACKUP LEVEL 0(LOWEST LEVEL)
THUR =LEVEL 1 =>INCREMENTAL
FRI =LEVEL 2 =>INCREMENTAL
SAT= =LEVEL 1 =>CUMMULATIVE =>BACKUP LEVEL 1(CHANGE DATA FROM LEVEL 0)


TIMESTAMP SYMBOLS:
-------------------


%U=UNIQUE BACKUPSET NAME
%T= TIMESTAMP OF TIME OF BACKUPSET

RMAN COMMANDS:
----------------


INCREMENTAL BACKUP:
---------------------


1)DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP
2)CUMULATIVE BACKUP


1)DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP:
-- INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
Backup incremental level=0 database tag='complete_backup';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}

-- INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
Backup incremental level=1 database tag='complete_backup';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}

-- INCREMENTAL LEVEL 2
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
Backup incremental level=2 database tag='complete_backup';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}

2)CUMULATIVE BACKUP:
----------------------


-- CUMMULATIVE BACKUP
RMAN> run{
2> Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
3> Backup incremental level=0 CUMULATIVE database tag='complete_backup';
4> Release channel ch1;
5> allocate channel c1 type disk;
6> copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
7> Release channel c1;
8> }

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=73 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1HMI7EPO_1_1 tag=COMPLETE_BACKUP comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
input datafile file number=00002 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
input datafile file number=00003 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
input datafile file number=00005 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1IMI7EPP_1_1 tag=COMPLETE_BACKUP comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1JMI7ES5_1_1 tag=COMPLETE_BACKUP comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-JUL-11

released channel: ch1

-- CUMULATIVE BACKUP LEVEL LOWEST(0)
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0 CUMULATIVE DATABASE FILESPERSET 4 tag='cumulative';
tag='complete_cummulative_backup';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}


-- CUMULATIVE BACKUP LEVEL LOWEST(1)
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE tag='cumulative_LEVEL1';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}

RMAN> run{
2> Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
3> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE tag='cumulative_LEVEL1';
4> Release channel ch1;
5> allocate channel c1 type disk;
6> copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
7> Release channel c1;
8> }

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=73 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1NMI7F9M_1_1 tag=CUMULATIVE_LEVEL1 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25
channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
input datafile file number=00002 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
input datafile file number=00003 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
input datafile file number=00005 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1OMI7FCC_1_1 tag=CUMULATIVE_LEVEL1 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1PMI7FDF_1_1 tag=CUMULATIVE_LEVEL1 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-JUL-11

released channel: ch1

allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=73 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-JUL-11
channel c1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_CTRL_BACKUP2_CF_D-ORCL_ID-1280115002_1QMI7FDK_20110724 tag=TAG20110724T055044 R
D=31 STAMP=757317045
channel c1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-JUL-11

released channel: c1


ARCHIVE LOG DELETION POLICY FOR A DATABASE:
----------------------------------------------


run {
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
delete archivelog until time 'sysdate -5';
}

I do backups from the primary database to a local drive and have been puzzled
how to delete the standby archive logs after they ship.
The ‘obvious’ solution is the documented feature in RMAN:

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO APPLIED ON STANDBY;


COMPRESSION LEVEL ORACLE 11g:
----------------------------------


basic =DEFAULT
none =Not recomended
medium = license
high =license


Drawbacks:
------------


medium =>consume hight system resource
high =>consume high system resource

II)RMAN COLD BACKUP:
----------------------


=>NOARCHIVE LOG MODE
=>MOUNT STATE
=> DEVELOPMENT => MUCH DISK SPACE IS NOT THERE
=>DOWNTIME TOLERABLE..


run_orcl.txt:
-----------------------------------------------------


*SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE:RMAN USES FOR BACKUP OF CONTROL FILE.

Configure setting in RMAN :
----------------------------
We can use configure command to change any setting in RMAN.I would definetly like to outside my script like below.

$rman target / catalog rman/rman@catdb
RMAN>CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\snapcf_orcl.f';

rman_cold.txt:
--------------


run{
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\orcl_BK_SET1_%U_%T' maxpiecesize 5G;
allocate channel ch2 device type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\orcl_BK_SET2_%U_%T';
backup database TAG='ORCL_BACKUP_WEEKLY';
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\TESTDB_ctrl_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\snapcf_orcl.f';
CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
release channel ch1;
release channel ch2;
alter database open;
}


rman_orcl.bat:
---------------


-- orcl DB RMAN COLD BACKUP
set ORACLE_SID=orcl
set ORACLE_HOME=D:\app\RafiAlvi\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1
set ORACLE_BASE=D:\app\RafiAlvi\
rman target sys/orcldba @D:\RMAN_BACKUP_SCRIPTS\run_ORCL.txt log=D:\RMAN_BACKUP_SCRIPTS\LOGS\rman_cold_orcl_24july_cum.log

Note: In Unix environment use export for setting the enviromnmet and Write shell script 'rman_orcl.sh',rest all script is almost same and can fit as per our path in Unix environment.

RMAN BACKUP DETAILS Views:
---------------------------------


We can use Dictionary Views for checking the status of rman backups.

1)USE AFTER SCHEDULING RMAN BACKUP:
SELECT START_TIME||' '||END_TIME||' '||STATUS FROM V$RMAN_BACKUP_JOB_DETAILS;

2)USE TO CHECK BYYES PROCESSED IN RMAN BACKUP:
SELECT SID||' '||STATUS||' '||MBYTES_PROCESSED||' '||START_TIME||' '||END_TIME
FROM V$RMAN_STATUS;

3)USE TO CHECK SESSION AND RMAN BACKUP OUTPUT:
SELECT SID||' '||RECID||' '||OUTPUT||' '||SESSION_STAMP
FROM V$RMAN_OUTPUT;

Note:On Unix terminal,It will be very much useful to check the process in order to check the status by using 'ps' command.
$ps -eaf|grep rman

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